Magnetic Flux, Ø: The total magnetic induction over a given area. When the magnetic induction, B, is uniformly distributed over an area A, : = BA. The general equation is Ø = ʃʃB •dA.

Length of Air – Gap, Lg: The Length of the path of the central flux line in the air – gap

Magnetic Circuit: An assembly consisting of some or all of the following: permanent magnets, ferromagnetic conduction elements, air gaps, electrical currents.

Leakage Flux: That portion of the magnetic flux that is lost through leakage in the magnetic circuit due to saturation or air – gaps, and is therefore unable to be used.

Load Line: A line drawn from the origin of the Demagnetization Curve with a slope of B/H, the intersection of which with the B – H curve represents the operating point of the magnet. Also see Permeance Coefficient.

Knee of the Demagnetization Curve: The point at which the B – H curve creases to be linear. All magnet materials, even if their second quadrant curves are straight line at room temperature,

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